Section 251 of 440
Complete canonical tutorial. This reader section contains the same teaching body as PWR-068 · Motion perception. Open the Power dossier.
PWR-068 · SELF GUIDED full tutorial
Judge motion direction before feedback and retest unfamiliar speeds and locations
Motion perception is trainable on defined tasks, but ‘faster eyes’ is not supported. This lesson teaches direction discrimination for brief moving-dot clips at a fixed display. The learner starts each clip, chooses direction once, records confidence and symptoms, then retests unfamiliar clips. It does not train “faster eyes” or diagnose motion-perception problems. Direction errors are grouped by axis and stimulus feature, so a left–right confusion is not merged with an up–down confusion or with a failure limited to one screen location.
1 · Permission and limits
Know exactly what you may do
2 · Get ready
Gather what you need and check the starting conditions
What you need
- An exact clip recipe for a helper using a slide-animation or video tool. On a 160×120 mm white field, a 12 mm black disk travels 80 mm in a straight line over exactly 1,000 ms, starting and ending 40 mm on either side of the field centre. Export four centre-lane masters: left L, right R, up U and down D, with no label, trail or sound. Duplicate masters under neutral filenames to make Set A L,R,U,D,R,D,L,U,U,L,D,R,D,U,R,L and Set B D,L,R,U,U,R,D,L,R,U,L,D,L,D,U,R; keep those folded keys from the learner. A transfer set may move the whole 80 mm path 10 mm lower while retaining duration, disk, field and direction balance; even the vertical disk then stays inside the 120 mm field.
- One fixed display at a marked distance and refresh setting.
- Ordinary visual correction.
- Trial sheet and pause control.
Before you start
- Use comfortable brightness and a seated stable position.
- Record display, refresh rate, window size, distance and correction.
- Do not use flashing, high-speed or immersive motion if it provokes migraine, vertigo or seizures.
- Agree to stop at nausea, dizziness, headache, aura or visual discomfort.
3 · The method
Follow these steps in order
- Lock the display
Keep device, refresh, window size, distance and brightness unchanged.
Why: Motion appearance depends on display timing and geometry.
Check: The configuration card is complete.
- Learn direction labels
View one obvious example in each allowed direction and practise the answer controls.
Why: Response confusion should not count as perception error.
Check: All obvious examples are labelled correctly.
- Start each clip yourself
Begin one clip when ready and watch it once without scrubbing or replay unless the rule permits.
Why: Self-start reduces surprise while preserving one exposure.
Check: Each trial has the declared number of plays.
- Commit direction and confidence
Choose the motion direction and confidence before revealing the key.
Why: A committed response preserves uncertainty and error data.
Check: Answer and confidence are timestamped before feedback.
- Use specific feedback
Reveal the correct direction and replay once only when the training rule allows, looking for the directional cue.
Why: One controlled replay teaches the error without turning the item into memory.
Check: Replay status is recorded.
- Mix speed and location carefully
After stable baseline, use a new set that changes only speed or screen location—not both.
Why: One changed feature tests near transfer cleanly.
Check: The changed feature is named and all others stay fixed.
- Rest and retest novel clips
After at least 48 hours, run unfamiliar clips at the baseline configuration before any feedback.
Why: Delayed novel performance tests retention better than repeating old clips.
Check: No old clip appears in the retest.
- Build a direction-confusion table
At the end of the set, place true direction on the rows and chosen direction on the columns. Mark clip speed and screen location beside each miss, then look for one repeated confusion before selecting feedback.
Why: A total percent correct hides whether the learner reverses one axis, misses one speed band or struggles only in a peripheral location.
Check: The table contains every true/chosen pair and identifies one repeated pattern or states that errors are scattered.
4 · Worked example
See the whole method used once
Scenario
Niko uses the 16 supplied Set A clips on one monitor, with L/R/U/D as the four answers.
Walkthrough
- Niko records monitor, 60 Hz refresh, 70 cm distance, window size and brightness.
- They practise one obvious clip in each of the four directions.
- They view each baseline clip once, commit direction/confidence and then check.
- A second set changes location but not speed; nausea remains zero.
- Two days later they run novel clips before feedback and compare accuracy and confidence.
- Niko’s table shows that both errors were rightward clips shown low on the screen, so the next matched set changes location while keeping speed and direction balance fixed.
Result
Niko improves on unfamiliar clips at the same configuration. The result is task-specific direction learning, not enhanced real-world motion vision. The axis-specific table supports a precise transfer test instead of the vague claim that all motion perception improved.
5 · Right and wrong
Compare correct or safer execution with the common wrong version
| Moment | Right / safer | Wrong / riskier | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure | Use one declared play before answering. | Replay until the direction is obvious. | Repeated exposure changes the task. |
| Configuration | Keep refresh, size and distance fixed. | Switch phones or window sizes between trials. | Display changes alter apparent motion. |
| Transfer | Change one feature at a time on novel clips. | Change speed, direction set and location together. | A multi-change failure cannot be interpreted. |
| Symptoms | Pause and stop for nausea, aura or dizziness. | Treat discomfort as adaptation training. | Provoking symptoms is not the goal. |
| Claim | Report direction accuracy for this clip set. | Call it globally faster visual processing. | Perceptual learning is often specific. |
| Error analysis | Compare true and chosen direction by axis, speed and location. | Pool every miss into “slow visual processing”. | Specific confusion patterns suggest a testable next clip set; a global label does not. |
6 · Common mistakes
Spot the error and apply the correction
| Mistake | Fix |
|---|---|
| Replay until the direction is obvious. | Use one declared play before answering. |
| Switch phones or window sizes between trials. | Keep refresh, size and distance fixed. |
| Change speed, direction set and location together. | Change one feature at a time on novel clips. |
| Treat discomfort as adaptation training. | Pause and stop for nausea, aura or dizziness. |
| Call it globally faster visual processing. | Report direction accuracy for this clip set. |
| The learner practises only the direction that was missed, making the next order predictable. | Keep all directions balanced and change only the implicated speed or location feature in a concealed order. |
7 · Practice
Turn the steps into a usable skill
First session
- A helper builds the four 1,000 ms disk-motion masters, duplicates them in concealed Set A and Set B orders and verifies that every direction appears four times.
- Record display, refresh, 70 cm distance, 160×120 mm field size, brightness and symptom baseline; practise one unscored L/R/U/D master.
- Run all 16 Set A clips once each, committing direction and confidence before the helper checks the folded key.
- Build the true-by-chosen table and replay only one example of the most common confusion under the declared feedback rule.
- After at least 48 hours, run concealed Set B at the unchanged centre location before feedback.
- Only then test the 10 mm-lower transfer set, keeping speed, field, disk and direction counts fixed.
Repeat plan
Use one short set once or twice weekly. Progress to a single changed feature only after novel baseline clips are accurate and symptom-free.
Progress when
- Novel-clip accuracy rises at fixed configuration.
- Confidence becomes calibrated to errors.
- One-feature transfer appears without symptoms.
Do not progress when
- Display timing or geometry changes.
- Symptoms appear or persist after the screen stops.
- The task is being used as diagnosis or mobility clearance.
8 · Check the result
Measure what changed
L/R/U/D direction accuracy and confusion pattern for the supplied 1,000 ms moving-disk clips
How: Record correct direction, confusion pair, confidence, replay, clip feature, display configuration and symptom rating. Add a true-direction by chosen-direction confusion table and stratify misses by the one declared transfer feature.
Good result: Accuracy improves on a novel delayed set without more replay, overconfidence or symptoms.
This does not prove: Declare motion type, speed, coherence, direction, retinal location and threshold method; do not equate one motion threshold with optic flow, pursuit or reaction speed.
Self-check
- Can you demonstrate “Learn direction labels”? All obvious examples are labelled correctly.
- Can you demonstrate “Commit direction and confidence”? Answer and confidence are timestamped before feedback.
- Can you demonstrate “Rest and retest novel clips”? No old clip appears in the retest.
- Can you point to the exact direction pair, speed band and location associated with the most common miss?
9 · Stop, adapt or get help
Keep the safety boundary practical
Stop and get help
- Stop immediately for migraine aura, seizure warning, vertigo, nausea, severe headache or persistent visual disturbance.
- Seek urgent care for sudden new motion-induced neurological symptoms or acute vision loss.
- Seek qualified assessment when motion sensitivity affects walking, driving or daily function.
Accessibility and adaptations
- Use large direction buttons, speech or switches; motor speed is not scored.
- Reduce clip count and add longer rests without changing clip parameters.
- Use non-immersive, windowed clips and preserve ordinary correction.
10 · Evidence and limits
Why these instructions are here
- primary research
Primary research supports learning on defined motion-direction tasks and directly tests transfer conditions.
Perceptual learning of motion direction discrimination transfers to an opposite direction with TPE training - primary research
Amblyopia research shows transfer from contrast training to defined motion stimuli, not universal motion enhancement.
Training in contrast detection improves motion perception of sinewave gratings in amblyopia
Limits
- Declare motion type, speed, coherence, direction, retinal location and threshold method; do not equate one motion threshold with optic flow, pursuit or reaction speed.
- Unsupported claim: Bullet-time vision.
- Unsupported claim: Track anything at any speed.
- Unsupported claim: Train motion perception to prevent every collision.
- Clip performance does not diagnose motion blindness, establish safe driving or generalise to all speeds, displays and environments.
Open the complete canonical research register
- Primary empirical supportLimiting / contraryPerceptual learning of motion direction discrimination transfers to an opposite direction with TPE training
J.-Y. Zhang; Y.-X. Yang · 2014 · Primary research
- Primary empirical supportLimiting / contraryTraining in contrast detection improves motion perception of sinewave gratings in amblyopia
F. Hou; C.-B. Huang; L. Tao; L. Feng; Y. Zhou; Z.-L. Lu · 2011 · Primary research
Read the complete evidence interpretation on the Power dossier.
Tutorial delivery controls
Learn, adapt, troubleshoot and resume
Progress is saved only in this browser on this device.
Step-by-step learner mode
Each activity includes its success check, a nearby accessible alternative and an “I’m stuck” correction path. Alternatives preserve the target where possible; when they change the task, Titan labels them as related rather than equivalent.
Lock the display
Keep device, refresh, window size, distance and brightness unchanged.
Motion appearance depends on display timing and geometry.
The configuration card is complete.
I’m stuck on this step
Reset: Re-read this authored instruction — “Keep device, refresh, window size, distance and brightness unchanged.” — and its success check, then attempt only this step.
Possible snag: Switch phones or window sizes between trials.
Correction: Keep refresh, size and distance fixed.
Stop / get help: Stop immediately for migraine aura, seizure warning, vertigo, nausea, severe headache or persistent visual disturbance.
Learn direction labels
View one obvious example in each allowed direction and practise the answer controls.
Response confusion should not count as perception error.
All obvious examples are labelled correctly.
I’m stuck on this step
Reset: Re-read this authored instruction — “View one obvious example in each allowed direction and practise the answer controls.” — and its success check, then attempt only this step.
Possible snag: Replay until the direction is obvious.
Correction: Use one declared play before answering.
Stop / get help: Stop immediately for migraine aura, seizure warning, vertigo, nausea, severe headache or persistent visual disturbance.
Start each clip yourself
Begin one clip when ready and watch it once without scrubbing or replay unless the rule permits.
Self-start reduces surprise while preserving one exposure.
Each trial has the declared number of plays.
I’m stuck on this step
Reset: Re-read this authored instruction — “Begin one clip when ready and watch it once without scrubbing or replay unless the rule permits.” — and its success check, then attempt only this step.
Possible snag: The result from “Begin one clip when ready and watch it once without scrubbing or replay unless the rule permits.” does not yet meet this declared check: Each trial has the declared number of plays.
Correction: Return to the start of “Start each clip yourself”, reduce complexity or pace, and repeat only the part needed to satisfy: “Each trial has the declared number of plays.”
Stop / get help: Stop immediately for migraine aura, seizure warning, vertigo, nausea, severe headache or persistent visual disturbance.
Commit direction and confidence
Choose the motion direction and confidence before revealing the key.
A committed response preserves uncertainty and error data.
Answer and confidence are timestamped before feedback.
I’m stuck on this step
Reset: Re-read this authored instruction — “Choose the motion direction and confidence before revealing the key.” — and its success check, then attempt only this step.
Possible snag: The result from “Choose the motion direction and confidence before revealing the key.” does not yet meet this declared check: Answer and confidence are timestamped before feedback.
Correction: Return to the start of “Commit direction and confidence”, reduce complexity or pace, and repeat only the part needed to satisfy: “Answer and confidence are timestamped before feedback.”
Stop / get help: Stop immediately for migraine aura, seizure warning, vertigo, nausea, severe headache or persistent visual disturbance.
Use specific feedback
Reveal the correct direction and replay once only when the training rule allows, looking for the directional cue.
One controlled replay teaches the error without turning the item into memory.
Replay status is recorded.
I’m stuck on this step
Reset: Re-read this authored instruction — “Reveal the correct direction and replay once only when the training rule allows, looking for the directional cue.” — and its success check, then attempt only this step.
Possible snag: Treat discomfort as adaptation training.
Correction: Pause and stop for nausea, aura or dizziness.
Stop / get help: Stop immediately for migraine aura, seizure warning, vertigo, nausea, severe headache or persistent visual disturbance.
Mix speed and location carefully
After stable baseline, use a new set that changes only speed or screen location—not both.
One changed feature tests near transfer cleanly.
The changed feature is named and all others stay fixed.
I’m stuck on this step
Reset: Re-read this authored instruction — “After stable baseline, use a new set that changes only speed or screen location—not both.” — and its success check, then attempt only this step.
Possible snag: The learner practises only the direction that was missed, making the next order predictable.
Correction: Keep all directions balanced and change only the implicated speed or location feature in a concealed order.
Stop / get help: Stop immediately for migraine aura, seizure warning, vertigo, nausea, severe headache or persistent visual disturbance.
Rest and retest novel clips
After at least 48 hours, run unfamiliar clips at the baseline configuration before any feedback.
Delayed novel performance tests retention better than repeating old clips.
No old clip appears in the retest.
I’m stuck on this step
Reset: Re-read this authored instruction — “After at least 48 hours, run unfamiliar clips at the baseline configuration before any feedback.” — and its success check, then attempt only this step.
Possible snag: The result from “After at least 48 hours, run unfamiliar clips at the baseline configuration before any feedback.” does not yet meet this declared check: No old clip appears in the retest.
Correction: Return to the start of “Rest and retest novel clips”, reduce complexity or pace, and repeat only the part needed to satisfy: “No old clip appears in the retest.”
Stop / get help: Stop immediately for migraine aura, seizure warning, vertigo, nausea, severe headache or persistent visual disturbance.
Build a direction-confusion table
At the end of the set, place true direction on the rows and chosen direction on the columns. Mark clip speed and screen location beside each miss, then look for one repeated confusion before selecting feedback.
A total percent correct hides whether the learner reverses one axis, misses one speed band or struggles only in a peripheral location.
The table contains every true/chosen pair and identifies one repeated pattern or states that errors are scattered.
I’m stuck on this step
Reset: Re-read this authored instruction — “At the end of the set, place true direction on the rows and chosen direction on the columns. Mark clip speed and screen location beside each miss, then look for one repeated confusion before selecting feedback.” — and its success check, then attempt only this step.
Possible snag: Change speed, direction set and location together.
Correction: Change one feature at a time on novel clips.
Possible snag: Call it globally faster visual processing.
Correction: Report direction accuracy for this clip set.
Stop / get help: Stop immediately for migraine aura, seizure warning, vertigo, nausea, severe headache or persistent visual disturbance.
Correct versus incorrect execution
These accessible process diagrams are built from the tutorial’s own right/wrong teaching. They are not anatomical illustrations and do not add technique beyond the canonical tutorial.
Use one declared play before answering.
Replay until the direction is obvious.
Keep refresh, size and distance fixed.
Switch phones or window sizes between trials.
Change one feature at a time on novel clips.
Change speed, direction set and location together.
Pause and stop for nausea, aura or dizziness.
Treat discomfort as adaptation training.
Report direction accuracy for this clip set.
Call it globally faster visual processing.
Compare true and chosen direction by axis, speed and location.
Pool every miss into “slow visual processing”.
Method-structure checklist
10 of 10 structural checks present
- Ordered, Power-specific instructions — present
- Every activity has a success check — present
- Materials or supplied records are declared — present
- Measurement or assessment rule is present — present
- Tutorial-specific troubleshooting is present — present
- Stopping or escalation boundary is present — present
- Every activity has an adjacent alternative — present
- Correct-versus-incorrect comparison is present — present
- Evidence context is bound to the Power record — present
- Planning metadata is present — present
The method-readiness band and presence checklist assess tutorial presentation and are separate from evidence quality for the underlying Power. They are automated editorial aids, not human approval.
Manual editorial sign-off: Pending. This tutorial must not display a human-approved state until an identified editor signs the exact content hash.