Section 132 of 440
FAMILY 09: VISUAL PERCEPTION & SEARCH
Superdomain: Perception & Sensorimotor. This family contains eight stable Power records.
PWR-065 · Visual acuity
Evidence route: Externally gated evidence dossier. Use the linked canonical tutorial for current teaching, accessibility, safety and editorial-review status; this evidence dossier does not enlarge that tutorial’s authority.
Summary. Visual acuity can improve in selected amblyopia treatment settings, but this is not a route to superhuman eyesight.
Definition. Capability to develop or express visual acuity in a declared context without inheriting broader claims.
What the current evidence supports. Selected people with amblyopia can improve measured visual acuity through structured treatment that includes perceptual practice; this is clinical recovery, not proof of eagle-like vision.
Measurement boundary. Use calibrated logMAR or equivalent acuity with declared correction and test conditions; acuity does not establish contrast, field, search, depth, low-light or functional safety.
Myth. Eagle eyesight
Metric. Corrected logMAR acuity change plus delayed functional vision
Boundary. A smaller chart threshold does not prove superior vision across contrast, depth, periphery, motion or low light.
Negative and limiting findings.
Fluoxetine did not add a visual-training benefit in a phase 2 trial.
Not every visual outcome or treatment comparison favoured perceptual learning.
Claims this evidence cannot support.
Train eyesight beyond human limits
Throw away glasses
Cure every lazy eye
Medication unlocks adult visual plasticity
Evidence references. [1] primary empirical support; limiting or contrary evidence; [5] primary empirical support; limiting or contrary evidence; [6] primary empirical support; limiting or contrary evidence; [9] primary empirical support; limiting or contrary evidence; [12] limiting or contrary evidence; [15] primary empirical support; limiting or contrary evidence.
Next gate. External confirmation is required before higher-authority use because: a clinical, high-risk or regulated configuration; a supervision or non-attempt boundary.
PWR-066 · Contrast sensitivity
Evidence route: Externally gated evidence dossier. Use the linked canonical tutorial for current teaching, accessibility, safety and editorial-review status; this evidence dossier does not enlarge that tutorial’s authority.
Summary. Contrast sensitivity can be trained in some clinical settings, but a better test threshold is not generally enhanced vision.
Definition. Capability to develop or express contrast sensitivity in a declared context without inheriting broader claims.
What the current evidence supports. Defined contrast-sensitivity measures can improve with perceptual learning in selected amblyopic populations; transfer beyond related visual tests is incomplete.
Measurement boundary. Record a full contrast-sensitivity function or validated bounded threshold at declared luminance and correction; do not substitute chart acuity or subjective sharpness.
Myth. See every hidden detail
Metric. Contrast-sensitivity function by spatial frequency and luminance
Boundary. A trained threshold does not confer night vision, field expansion or universal object recognition.
Negative and limiting findings.
Clinical improvements do not establish enhancement in healthy eyes.
Fluoxetine offered no added benefit over placebo in the reviewed visual-learning trial.
Claims this evidence cannot support.
See through darkness
Make every visual task sharper
Repair the retina by gaming
Biohack contrast with prescription drugs
Evidence references. [1] primary empirical support; limiting or contrary evidence; [5] primary empirical support; limiting or contrary evidence; [6] primary empirical support; limiting or contrary evidence; [9] primary empirical support; limiting or contrary evidence; [12] primary empirical support; limiting or contrary evidence; [15] primary empirical support; limiting or contrary evidence.
Next gate. External confirmation is required before higher-authority use because: a clinical, high-risk or regulated configuration; a supervision or non-attempt boundary.
PWR-067 · Peripheral target detection
Evidence route: Externally gated evidence dossier. Use the linked canonical tutorial for current teaching, accessibility, safety and editorial-review status; this evidence dossier does not enlarge that tutorial’s authority.
Summary. Peripheral targets can be practised, but clutter and rarity create stubborn miss risks; this is not wider vision.
Definition. Capability to develop or express peripheral target detection in a declared context without inheriting broader claims.
What the current evidence supports. Peripheral detection can improve on selected crowding tasks, while rare, unexpected targets remain a major failure mode.
Measurement boundary. Predeclare eccentricity, target, clutter, prevalence, sensitivity and false alarms; a reaction-time gain alone may reflect criterion shift rather than better perception.
Myth. Eyes in the back of your head
Metric. Sensitivity and false alarms for prespecified peripheral targets by eccentricity and prevalence
Boundary. No task demonstrates a larger anatomical visual field or zero-miss hazard detection.
Negative and limiting findings.
Rare targets are often missed even by practised observers.
Crowding-task improvement does not establish broader peripheral awareness.
Claims this evidence cannot support.
Expand your visual field
Develop 360-degree vision
Never miss a hazard
Cure neglect with a home drill
Evidence references. [4] primary empirical support; limiting or contrary evidence; [8] limiting or contrary evidence; [10] primary empirical support; limiting or contrary evidence; [13] limiting or contrary evidence; [16] limiting or contrary evidence; official boundary context; [17] limiting or contrary evidence.
Next gate. External confirmation is required before higher-authority use because: a clinical, high-risk or regulated configuration.
PWR-068 · Motion perception
Evidence route: Externally gated evidence dossier. Use the linked canonical tutorial for current teaching, accessibility, safety and editorial-review status; this evidence dossier does not enlarge that tutorial’s authority.
Summary. Motion perception is trainable on defined tasks, but ‘faster eyes’ is not supported.
Definition. Capability to develop or express motion perception in a declared context without inheriting broader claims.
What the current evidence supports. Motion-direction discrimination can improve through task-specific perceptual learning; transfer depends on the training and exposure configuration.
Measurement boundary. Declare motion type, speed, coherence, direction, retinal location and threshold method; do not equate one motion threshold with optic flow, pursuit or reaction speed.
Myth. See the world in slow motion
Metric. Direction/coherence threshold for an unfamiliar motion configuration
Boundary. A lower laboratory threshold does not slow subjective time or guarantee sport and traffic anticipation.
Negative and limiting findings.
Standard motion learning can remain specific to the trained direction.
No mapped study established broad sport, driving or mobility transfer.
Claims this evidence cannot support.
Bullet-time vision
Track anything at any speed
Train motion perception to prevent every collision
Motion games cure amblyopia
Evidence references. [2] primary empirical support; limiting or contrary evidence; [12] primary empirical support; limiting or contrary evidence.
Next gate. External confirmation is required before higher-authority use because: a clinical, high-risk or regulated configuration.
PWR-069 · Depth perception
Evidence route: Externally gated evidence dossier. Use the linked canonical tutorial for current teaching, accessibility, safety and editorial-review status; this evidence dossier does not enlarge that tutorial’s authority.
Summary. Stereopsis can sometimes be recovered in selected adults, but depth perception is larger than binocular disparity.
Definition. Capability to develop or express depth perception in a declared context without inheriting broader claims.
What the current evidence supports. Some adults with abnormal binocular vision have recovered measurable stereopsis through intensive supervised perceptual learning; general recovery and daily-life transfer remain unproven.
Measurement boundary. Report stereoacuity/disparity threshold and task, plus monocular cues and functional configuration; stereoacuity cannot diagnose or summarise all depth perception.
Myth. Unlock perfect 3D vision
Metric. Stereoacuity plus an unfamiliar functional depth task
Boundary. Stereo improvement does not establish every form of depth perception or remove need for correction and adaptations.
Negative and limiting findings.
A paediatric randomised comparison did not show a between-treatment stereoacuity advantage.
Evidence does not erase legitimate monocular and assistive depth strategies.
Claims this evidence cannot support.
Unlock 3D vision for everyone
Depth perception is one stereo score
Patching yourself retrains both eyes
No stereopsis means no usable depth
Evidence references. [7] primary empirical support; limiting or contrary evidence; [9] primary empirical support; limiting or contrary evidence.
Next gate. External confirmation is required before higher-authority use because: a clinical, high-risk or regulated configuration; a supervision or non-attempt boundary; a restricted safety or legitimacy boundary.
PWR-070 · Visual search
Evidence route: Externally gated evidence dossier. Use the linked canonical tutorial for current teaching, accessibility, safety and editorial-review status; this evidence dossier does not enlarge that tutorial’s authority.
Summary. Search practice can sharpen a defined search, but rare things remain disproportionately easy to miss.
Definition. Capability to develop or express visual search in a declared context without inheriting broader claims.
What the current evidence supports. Visual search is trainable for defined targets and contexts, yet low-prevalence targets remain easy to miss and broad transfer is not guaranteed.
Measurement boundary. Predeclare target class, prevalence, sensitivity, false alarms, response time and unfamiliar-scene transfer; keep speed–accuracy trade-offs visible.
Myth. Human anomaly scanner
Metric. Sensitivity, miss and false-alarm rates on rare unfamiliar targets
Boundary. Fast finding of frequent trained targets does not establish expert anomaly detection.
Negative and limiting findings.
Rare targets were missed at disturbingly high rates.
Contextual learning can improve a repeated scene without improving a new one.
Claims this evidence cannot support.
Photographic scanning
Never miss an anomaly
One game trains every search job
Reaction time proves safer inspection
Evidence references. [4] primary empirical support; limiting or contrary evidence; [8] limiting or contrary evidence; [10] primary empirical support; limiting or contrary evidence; [13] primary empirical support; limiting or contrary evidence; [16] limiting or contrary evidence; official boundary context; [17] limiting or contrary evidence.
Next gate. External confirmation is required before higher-authority use because: a clinical, high-risk or regulated configuration.
PWR-071 · Low-light adaptation
Evidence route: Externally gated evidence dossier. Use the linked canonical tutorial for current teaching, accessibility, safety and editorial-review status; this evidence dossier does not enlarge that tutorial’s authority.
Summary. Dark adaptation is a temporary physiological state, not a permanent superpower—and bright light can erase it quickly.
Definition. Capability to develop or express low-light adaptation in a declared context without inheriting broader claims.
What the current evidence supports. Humans naturally become more light-sensitive in darkness, but the state takes time, is age- and health-dependent and can be lost within seconds of bright light.
Measurement boundary. Use rod/cone recovery curves or declared low-luminance thresholds after standardised bleach and adaptation; do not use subjective confidence or a daytime chart.
Myth. Night vision
Metric. Time-resolved scotopic threshold under standardised lighting
Boundary. Temporary sensitivity does not permit vision without light or establish safe night driving.
Negative and limiting findings.
Most dark-adaptation outcomes did not improve with short high-dose retinol.
Bright light rapidly destroys the adapted state.
Claims this evidence cannot support.
Train permanent night vision
See in total darkness
Megadose vitamin A for superior sight
Practise driving blind to adapt
Evidence references. [3] primary empirical support; limiting or contrary evidence; [11] primary empirical support; limiting or contrary evidence; [16] limiting or contrary evidence; official boundary context.
Next gate. External confirmation is required before higher-authority use because: a clinical, high-risk or regulated configuration; a restricted safety or legitimacy boundary.
PWR-072 · Visuomotor integration
Evidence route: Externally gated evidence dossier. Use the linked canonical tutorial for current teaching, accessibility, safety and editorial-review status; this evidence dossier does not enlarge that tutorial’s authority.
Summary. The brain can adapt movement to altered visual feedback, but the learning is structured and often task-specific.
Definition. Capability to develop or express visuomotor integration in a declared context without inheriting broader claims.
What the current evidence supports. People adapt to altered visual–movement mappings and can reuse related task structure, but this is configured adaptation rather than a universal hand-eye upgrade.
Measurement boundary. Separate online error reduction, after-effects, explicit strategy, retention, savings and untrained function; a lower endpoint error alone does not identify mechanism.
Myth. Perfect hand-eye coordination
Metric. Error, after-effect and delayed transfer under a declared remapping
Boundary. Adaptation to one rotation or prism does not confer expert coordination across tools and environments.
Negative and limiting findings.
A small acute-neglect trial did not show a durable one-month treatment advantage.
Some measured change reflects explicit re-aiming rather than implicit recalibration.
Claims this evidence cannot support.
Instant hand-eye mastery
Prism goggles cure neglect
Train while driving or using machinery
One remapping transfers to every motor skill
Evidence references. [8] primary empirical support; limiting or contrary evidence; [14] primary empirical support; limiting or contrary evidence; [17] primary empirical support; limiting or contrary evidence.
Next gate. External confirmation is required before higher-authority use because: a clinical, high-risk or regulated configuration; a supervision or non-attempt boundary; a restricted safety or legitimacy boundary.
Family source register
Numbers in each dossier refer to this family register. A source can support one bounded proposition while simultaneously limiting transfer, certainty, generalisation or safety.
[1] Y. Zhou; C. Huang; P. Xu; L. Tao; Z. Qiu; X. Li; Z.-L. Lu (2006). Perceptual learning improves contrast sensitivity and visual acuity in adults with anisometropic amblyopia. Primary research. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16153674/
[2] J.-Y. Zhang; Y.-X. Yang (2014). Perceptual learning of motion direction discrimination transfers to an opposite direction with TPE training. Primary research. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24184566/
[3] G. R. Jackson; C. Owsley; G. McGwin (1999). Aging and dark adaptation. Primary research. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10748929/
[4] J. M. Wolfe; T. S. Horowitz; N. M. Kenner (2005). Cognitive psychology: rare items often missed in visual searches. Primary research. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15917795/
[5] H. J. Huttunen; J. M. Palva; L. Lindberg; S. Palva; V. Saarela; E. Karvonen; M.-L. Latvala; J. Liinamaa; S. Booms; E. Castrén; H. Uusitalo (2018). Fluoxetine does not enhance the effect of perceptual learning on visual function in adults with amblyopia. Primary research. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30150750/
[6] U. Polat; T. Ma-Naim; M. Belkin; D. Sagi (2004). Improving vision in adult amblyopia by perceptual learning. Primary research. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15096608/
[7] J. Ding; D. M. Levi (2011). Recovery of stereopsis through perceptual learning in human adults with abnormal binocular vision. Primary research. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21896742/
[8] N. Vaes; G. Nys; C. Lafosse; L. Dereymaeker; K. Oostra; D. Hemelsoet; G. Vingerhoets (2018). Rehabilitation of visuospatial neglect by prism adaptation: effects of a mild treatment regime. A randomised controlled trial. Primary research. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27425388/
[9] R. Hernández-Andrés; M. Á. Serrano; A. Alacreu-Crespo; M. J. Luque (2025). Randomised trial of three treatments for amblyopia: Vision therapy and patching, perceptual learning and patching alone. Primary research. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39396111/
[10] Z. Zhu; Z. Fan; F. Fang (2016). Two-stage perceptual learning to break visual crowding. Primary research. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27105062/
[11] C. Owsley; G. McGwin; G. R. Jackson; D. C. Heimburger; C. J. Piyathilake; R. Klein; M. F. White; K. Kallies (2006). Effect of short-term, high-dose retinol on dark adaptation in aging and early age-related maculopathy. Primary research. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16565362/
[12] F. Hou; C.-B. Huang; L. Tao; L. Feng; Y. Zhou; Z.-L. Lu (2011). Training in contrast detection improves motion perception of sinewave gratings in amblyopia. Primary research. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21693615/
[13] C. C. Le Dantec; A. R. Seitz (2020). Dissociating electrophysiological correlates of contextual and perceptual learning in a visual search task. Primary research. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32525986/
[14] K. M. Bond; J. A. Taylor (2017). Structural Learning in a Visuomotor Adaptation Task Is Explicitly Accessible. Primary research. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28856241/
[15] M. Barollo; G. Contemori; L. Battaglini; A. Pavan; C. Casco (2017). Perceptual learning improves contrast sensitivity, visual acuity, and foveal crowding in amblyopia. Primary research. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28800339/
[16] Federal Aviation Administration (2026). Aeronautical Information Manual, Chapter 8: Medical Facts for Pilots. Official authority. https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/aim/aim0801.html
[17] G. M. Nys; E. H. de Haan; A. Kunneman; P. L. de Kort; H. C. Dijkerman (2008). Acute neglect rehabilitation using repetitive prism adaptation: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Primary research. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18431002/