PWR-098 · Attention & Executive Control

Find one declared target among similar and dissimilar distractors

Selective attention is practised here by marking uppercase A while ignoring every other token. Two complete lists keep length and target frequency fixed while changing distractor similarity, so hits, misses, false alarms, and burden can be compared honestly.

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Full individual tutorial · TLU-PWR-098

Selective attention is practised here by marking uppercase A while ignoring every other token. Two complete lists keep length and target frequency fixed while changing distractor similarity, so hits, misses, false alarms, and burden can be compared honestly.

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PWR-098 · Selective attention
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Practical authority
Governed practice included inside the declared treatment
Current treatment
Self-guided lesson
Research depth
focused · 3 bound sources
Risk framing
low to moderate
Capability self-practice
Permitted inside the governed tutorial limits
Pathway membership
G-CUR-009

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Revision 7T · Full Tutorial Edition · complete governed practice tutorial

Find one declared target among similar and dissimilar distractors

Selective attention is practised here by marking uppercase A while ignoring every other token. Two complete lists keep length and target frequency fixed while changing distractor similarity, so hits, misses, false alarms, and burden can be compared honestly.

Authority and safety

  • Use the display size, contrast, audio, pace, and response method needed for access; these supports are part of the configuration.
  • Stop for sensory strain, headache, distress, or worsening errors.
  • The result is not a diagnostic screen, intelligence score, or measure of a person's value or effort.

Exact materials

  • Trial 1 and Trial 2 token lists below
  • A marker or accessible selection method
  • The hidden answer key
  • A 0-to-5 burden rating
  • Optional comfortable pacing cue

Set up in this order

  1. Write the target rule exactly: select uppercase A only; lowercase a is a distractor.
  2. Keep the rule visible if needed and confirm there are 30 tokens and 9 targets in each trial.
  3. Run Trial 1 once at a comfortable pace, then rate burden before checking the key.
  4. Classify every discrepancy as a miss or false alarm.
  5. Run Trial 2 at the same pace and display settings; only distractor similarity changes because lowercase a is removed.
  6. Compare hits, misses, false alarms and recorded burden descriptively. Trial order, token form and distractor similarity differ together, so do not attribute a difference uniquely to similarity.

Supplied fixture

Positions are 1 through 30. Mark uppercase A only.
ItemPositionSupplied value
11A
12H
13a
14R
15A
16M
17A
18a
19H
110R
111A
112N
113a
114A
115H
116R
117A
118a
119M
120H
121A
122R
123a
124A
125H
126M
127a
128R
129A
130H
21H
22A
23R
24M
25N
26A
27H
28R
29A
210M
211H
212A
213R
214N
215M
216A
217H
218R
219A
220N
221M
222H
223A
224R
225N
226A
227M
228H
229R
230A

Check your work only after you finish

Lock every response first. The checking page is separate so the answers are not exposed inside this exercise.

Open the separate checking page →

Scoring rule

Hit = selected uppercase A.; Miss = uppercase A not selected; misses = 9 - hits.; False alarm = selected token that is not uppercase A, including lowercase a.; Hit rate = hits / 9; false-alarm rate = false alarms / 21. Keep burden separate.

Worked example

  1. On Trial 1, the learner selects true targets at positions 1, 5, 7, 11, 14, 17, 21, and 29, missing position 24.
  2. The learner also selects lowercase a at position 23, which is one false alarm.
  3. Trial 1: hits = 8, misses = 9 - 8 = 1, false alarms = 1, hit rate = 8 / 9 = 88.9%, false-alarm rate = 1 / 21 = 4.8%.
  4. On Trial 2, the learner selects all nine target positions and no distractors.
  5. Trial 2: hits = 9, misses = 0, false alarms = 0, hit rate = 100%, false-alarm rate = 0%.
  6. Confirm that length, target frequency, target rule, pace, and display were held constant; only distractor similarity changed.
  7. The fictional log records burden 3/5 after Trial 1 and 2/5 after Trial 2; these ratings were recorded, not inferred from accuracy.

Correct result: The fictional second record has fewer errors and lower recorded burden, but it was also shown later with a different token form. Report the descriptive difference; do not claim that distractor similarity alone caused it or that it measures broad attention.

Right and wrong

Right and wrong comparison
MomentRight / saferWrong / riskierWhy
Applying the target ruleSelect uppercase A and reject lowercase a.Select any token that looks like an a.An ambiguous rule makes error classification meaningless.
Changing difficultyChange distractor similarity only.Change similarity, pace, target frequency, and display size at once.A one-feature comparison requires the other declared fields to remain stable.
Handling speedKeep a comfortable pace and protect accuracy.Increase pace after Trial 1 even though errors occurred.Faster is not automatically better and can hide a speed-accuracy trade-off.
Interpreting Trial 2Lower-similarity distractors were more usable in this fixture.The learner now ignores every real-world distraction.One token task does not prove far transfer.

Common mistakes and fixes

Common mistakes and corrections
MistakeFix
Forgetting whether lowercase a counts.Keep the one-sentence target rule visible and restart only with a fresh list.
Calling an unmarked target a false alarm.Use the key: unmarked target equals miss; marked distractor equals false alarm.
Looking at the answer positions before finishing.Hide the key until responses and burden are recorded.
Increasing speed to make the second trial feel harder.Restore the original comfortable pace so distractor similarity remains the only changed feature.

Evidence boundary

What the tutorial may—and may not—claim.

Supportable claim

Selective-attention practice can improve closely related tasks, but transfer follows shared task demands and has not been shown to improve mobility.

Measurement boundary

Target sensitivity, search time, errors and distractor cost must be tied to a named modality and task; they do not measure general awareness.

Myth

Notice everything others miss

Metric

Target sensitivity and distractor cost in a declared sensory task, plus a different functional endpoint

Boundary

A better screen score cannot certify broad situational awareness.

Negative and limiting findings

  • Older adults improved a visual-attention measure without improving any tested balance or mobility outcome.

Prohibited wording

  • See everything at once
  • Train away distraction permanently
  • A game gives fighter-pilot attention
  • Screen training prevents falls

Direct source register

Evidence that supports—and limits—the route.

Putting brain training to the test

Adrian M Owen; Adam Hampshire; Jessica A Grahn; Robert Stenton; Said Dajani; Alistair S Burns; Robert J Howard; Clive G Ballard · 2010 · PRIMARY_RESEARCH

Supports only the bounded empirical proposition in the declared configurations. Constrains generalisation, transfer, certainty or efficacy; it is not optional context.

Tutorial delivery controls

Learn, adapt, troubleshoot and resume

Estimated timeEstimated 18 min reading and worksheet pass
DifficultyIntroductory
EquipmentCommon household or practice equipment
SpaceRoom-scale practice space
Method qualityEstablished10 of 10 structural checks present. Automated method-readiness band; human editorial sign-off is separate.
Evidence contextG1; Focused research depthScientific support is evaluated separately from teaching-method structure.
Editorial reviewPending manual sign-offNo human approval is claimed until reviewer, date and content hash are recorded.
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Step-by-step learner mode

Each activity includes its success check, a nearby accessible alternative and an “I’m stuck” correction path. Alternatives preserve the target where possible; when they change the task, Titan labels them as related rather than equivalent.

01

Write the target rule exactly: select uppercase A only

Write the target rule exactly: select uppercase A only; lowercase a is a distractor.

Why this step exists

“Write the target rule exactly: select uppercase A only” fixes the exact Selective attention configuration or decision before later observations are compared.

Success check

A legible entry directly completes “Write the target rule exactly: select uppercase A only” and records the requested condition, decision or boundary without adding a new claim.

I’m stuck on this step

Reset: Re-read this authored instruction — “Write the target rule exactly: select uppercase A only; lowercase a is a distractor.” — and its success check, then attempt only this step.

  1. Possible snag: Forgetting whether lowercase a counts.

    Correction: Keep the one-sentence target rule visible and restart only with a fresh list.

Stop / get help: A governed step-by-step lesson may be completed independently inside its stated limits. Stop if the declared configuration cannot be maintained, uncertainty becomes material, adverse effects appear, or qualified authority is required.

02

Keep the rule visible if needed and confirm there are 30 tokens…

Keep the rule visible if needed and confirm there are 30 tokens and 9 targets in each trial.

Why this step exists

Keep this exact Selective attention action explicit and reviewable: “Keep the rule visible if needed and confirm there are 30 tokens and 9 targets in each trial.”

Success check

Evidence of completion shows the learner followed this exact instruction without adding an unstated step: “Keep the rule visible if needed and confirm there are 30 tokens and 9 targets in each trial.”

I’m stuck on this step

Reset: Re-read this authored instruction — “Keep the rule visible if needed and confirm there are 30 tokens and 9 targets in each trial.” — and its success check, then attempt only this step.

  1. Possible snag: The result from “Keep the rule visible if needed and confirm there are 30 tokens and 9 targets in each trial.” does not yet meet this declared check: Evidence of completion shows the learner followed this exact instruction without adding an unstated step: “Keep the rule visible if needed and confirm there are 30 tokens and 9 targets in each trial.”

    Correction: Return to the start of “Keep the rule visible if needed and confirm there are 30 tokens…”, reduce complexity or pace, and repeat only the part needed to satisfy: “Evidence of completion shows the learner followed this exact instruction without adding an unstated step: “Keep the rule visible if needed and confirm there are 30 tokens and 9 targets in each trial.””

Stop / get help: A governed step-by-step lesson may be completed independently inside its stated limits. Stop if the declared configuration cannot be maintained, uncertainty becomes material, adverse effects appear, or qualified authority is required.

03

Run Trial 1 once at a comfortable pace, then rate burden before…

Run Trial 1 once at a comfortable pace, then rate burden before checking the key.

Why this step exists

“Run Trial 1 once at a comfortable pace, then rate burden before checking the key” isolates the named Selective attention task while preserving its configuration, stopping rule and measurement boundary.

Success check

Evidence of completion shows the learner followed this exact instruction without adding an unstated step: “Run Trial 1 once at a comfortable pace, then rate burden before checking the key.”

I’m stuck on this step

Reset: Re-read this authored instruction — “Run Trial 1 once at a comfortable pace, then rate burden before checking the key.” — and its success check, then attempt only this step.

  1. Possible snag: Looking at the answer positions before finishing.

    Correction: Hide the key until responses and burden are recorded.

Stop / get help: A governed step-by-step lesson may be completed independently inside its stated limits. Stop if the declared configuration cannot be maintained, uncertainty becomes material, adverse effects appear, or qualified authority is required.

04

Classify every discrepancy as a miss or false alarm

Classify every discrepancy as a miss or false alarm.

Why this step exists

“Classify every discrepancy as a miss or false alarm” isolates the named evidence distinction so the learner can interpret Selective attention without extending the claim.

Success check

The output directly answers “Classify every discrepancy as a miss or false alarm”, names the relevant distinction and stays within the supplied record.

I’m stuck on this step

Reset: Re-read this authored instruction — “Classify every discrepancy as a miss or false alarm.” — and its success check, then attempt only this step.

  1. Possible snag: Calling an unmarked target a false alarm.

    Correction: Use the key: unmarked target equals miss; marked distractor equals false alarm.

Stop / get help: A governed step-by-step lesson may be completed independently inside its stated limits. Stop if the declared configuration cannot be maintained, uncertainty becomes material, adverse effects appear, or qualified authority is required.

05

Run Trial 2 at the same pace and display settings

Run Trial 2 at the same pace and display settings; only distractor similarity changes because lowercase a is removed.

Why this step exists

“Run Trial 2 at the same pace and display settings” isolates the named Selective attention task while preserving its configuration, stopping rule and measurement boundary.

Success check

Evidence of completion shows the learner followed this exact instruction without adding an unstated step: “Run Trial 2 at the same pace and display settings; only distractor similarity changes because lowercase a is removed.”

I’m stuck on this step

Reset: Re-read this authored instruction — “Run Trial 2 at the same pace and display settings; only distractor similarity changes because lowercase a is removed.” — and its success check, then attempt only this step.

  1. Possible snag: Increasing speed to make the second trial feel harder.

    Correction: Restore the original comfortable pace so distractor similarity remains the only changed feature.

Stop / get help: A governed step-by-step lesson may be completed independently inside its stated limits. Stop if the declared configuration cannot be maintained, uncertainty becomes material, adverse effects appear, or qualified authority is required.

06

Compare hits, misses, false alarms and recorded burden descriptively

Compare hits, misses, false alarms and recorded burden descriptively. Trial order, token form and distractor similarity differ together, so do not attribute a difference uniquely to similarity.

Why this step exists

“Compare hits, misses, false alarms and recorded burden descriptively” isolates the named evidence distinction so the learner can interpret Selective attention without extending the claim.

Success check

The output directly answers “Compare hits, misses, false alarms and recorded burden descriptively”, names the relevant distinction and stays within the supplied record.

I’m stuck on this step

Reset: Re-read this authored instruction — “Compare hits, misses, false alarms and recorded burden descriptively. Trial order, token form and distractor similarity differ together, so do not attribute a difference uniquely to similarity.” — and its success check, then attempt only this step.

  1. Possible snag: The result from “Compare hits, misses, false alarms and recorded burden descriptively. Trial order, token form and distractor similarity differ together, so do not attribute a difference uniquely to similarity.” does not yet meet this declared check: The output directly answers “Compare hits, misses, false alarms and recorded burden descriptively”, names the relevant distinction and stays within the supplied record.

    Correction: Return to the start of “Compare hits, misses, false alarms and recorded burden descriptively”, reduce complexity or pace, and repeat only the part needed to satisfy: “The output directly answers “Compare hits, misses, false alarms and recorded burden descriptively”, names the relevant distinction and stays within the supplied record.”

Stop / get help: A governed step-by-step lesson may be completed independently inside its stated limits. Stop if the declared configuration cannot be maintained, uncertainty becomes material, adverse effects appear, or qualified authority is required.

Correct versus incorrect execution

These accessible process diagrams are built from the tutorial’s own right/wrong teaching. They are not anatomical illustrations and do not add technique beyond the canonical tutorial.

Applying the target rule — An ambiguous rule makes error classification meaningless.
PWR-098 correct and incorrect comparison: Applying the target ruleApplying the target rule. Correct or safer: Select uppercase A and reject lowercase a.. Wrong or riskier: Select any token that looks like an a.. Why: An ambiguous rule makes error classification meaningless.SITUATIONApplying the targetruleCORRECT / SAFERSelect uppercase A and reject lowercase a.WRONG / RISKIERSelect any token that looks like an a.YESNO
Correct / safer

Select uppercase A and reject lowercase a.

Wrong / riskier

Select any token that looks like an a.

Changing difficulty — A one-feature comparison requires the other declared fields to remain stable.
PWR-098 correct and incorrect comparison: Changing difficultyChanging difficulty. Correct or safer: Change distractor similarity only.. Wrong or riskier: Change similarity, pace, target frequency, and display size at once.. Why: A one-feature comparison requires the other declared fields to remain stable.SITUATIONChanging difficultyCORRECT / SAFERChange distractor similarity only.WRONG / RISKIERChange similarity, pace, target frequency, anddisplay size at once.YESNO
Correct / safer

Change distractor similarity only.

Wrong / riskier

Change similarity, pace, target frequency, and display size at once.

Handling speed — Faster is not automatically better and can hide a speed-accuracy trade-off.
PWR-098 correct and incorrect comparison: Handling speedHandling speed. Correct or safer: Keep a comfortable pace and protect accuracy.. Wrong or riskier: Increase pace after Trial 1 even though errors occurred.. Why: Faster is not automatically better and can hide a speed-accuracy trade-off.SITUATIONHandling speedCORRECT / SAFERKeep a comfortable pace and protect accuracy.WRONG / RISKIERIncrease pace after Trial 1 even though errorsoccurred.YESNO
Correct / safer

Keep a comfortable pace and protect accuracy.

Wrong / riskier

Increase pace after Trial 1 even though errors occurred.

Interpreting Trial 2 — One token task does not prove far transfer.
PWR-098 correct and incorrect comparison: Interpreting Trial 2Interpreting Trial 2. Correct or safer: Lower-similarity distractors were more usable in this fixture.. Wrong or riskier: The learner now ignores every real-world distraction.. Why: One token task does not prove far transfer.SITUATIONInterpreting Trial 2CORRECT / SAFERLower-similarity distractors were more usable inthis fixture.WRONG / RISKIERThe learner now ignores every real-worlddistraction.YESNO
Correct / safer

Lower-similarity distractors were more usable in this fixture.

Wrong / riskier

The learner now ignores every real-world distraction.

Method-structure checklist

10 of 10 structural checks present

  • Ordered, Power-specific instructions — present
  • Every activity has a success check — present
  • Materials or supplied records are declared — present
  • Measurement or assessment rule is present — present
  • Tutorial-specific troubleshooting is present — present
  • Stopping or escalation boundary is present — present
  • Every activity has an adjacent alternative — present
  • Correct-versus-incorrect comparison is present — present
  • Evidence context is bound to the Power record — present
  • Planning metadata is present — present

The method-readiness band and presence checklist assess tutorial presentation and are separate from evidence quality for the underlying Power. They are automated editorial aids, not human approval.

Manual editorial sign-off: Pending. This tutorial must not display a human-approved state until an identified editor signs the exact content hash.