# PWR-123 — Bias resistance: learner worksheet Release: Revision 7T · Full Tutorial Edition Estimated time: Estimated 28 min reading and worksheet pass Difficulty: Intermediate Equipment: Basic stationery or digital tools — Eight exact fictional pairs, printed on separate cards: 90/100 pass ↔ 10/100 fail; 18/20 succeed ↔ 2/20 fail; 72/80 pass ↔ 8/80 fail; 45/50 conform ↔ 5/50 do not; 120/150 on time ↔ 30/150 late; 27/30 accurate ↔ 3/30 wrong; 64/80 retained ↔ 16/80 lost; 42/60 dry ↔ 18/60 wet. The hidden pair key confirms each equivalence after common-denominator conversion.; Criterion card, common-frequency conversion sheet and hidden pair key.; Record for initial judgement, confidence, converted value and reversal reason, plus a control card that keeps 10/100 failures but changes them from cosmetic marks to overheating. That new severity fact should trigger review under the supplied fictional safety rule. Space: Desk / seated Automated structural checklist: 10 of 10 structural checks present Evidence quality/context: G2; Focused research depth Automated method-quality band: Comprehensive Method-rating basis: Structure coverage, instruction/check specificity, alternative distinctness, source troubleshooting, comparison depth and whether purpose/check fields are authored rather than derived. Editorial review: Pending manual editorial sign off ## Before you begin - [ ] I read the tutorial authority and stop conditions. - [ ] I have the required equipment/space or a declared accessible alternative. ## Canonical source context Bias resistance is not general immunity. This lesson targets one error only: changing a judgement when the same numerical outcome is framed positively or negatively. Using fictional product batches, the learner commits a criterion, converts every frame to the same frequency, judges paired versions separately and checks whether any change is justified by new information rather than wording. Target outcome: The learner judges eight paired fictional frames using one criterion and records no unjustified frame-driven reversals on a delayed set. ### Authority and setup conditions - Define the target as framing sensitivity, not all bias. - Set a fictional accept/review threshold before reading any frame. - Keep paired versions separated so the learner does not see both at once. - Ask a helper to choose one card from each pair, retain its mate and control card, and reveal them only after the first decisions are locked. ### Required or supplied materials - Eight exact fictional pairs, printed on separate cards: 90/100 pass ↔ 10/100 fail; 18/20 succeed ↔ 2/20 fail; 72/80 pass ↔ 8/80 fail; 45/50 conform ↔ 5/50 do not; 120/150 on time ↔ 30/150 late; 27/30 accurate ↔ 3/30 wrong; 64/80 retained ↔ 16/80 lost; 42/60 dry ↔ 18/60 wet. The hidden pair key confirms each equivalence after common-denominator conversion. - Criterion card, common-frequency conversion sheet and hidden pair key. - Record for initial judgement, confidence, converted value and reversal reason, plus a control card that keeps 10/100 failures but changes them from cosmetic marks to overheating. That new severity fact should trigger review under the supplied fictional safety rule. ## 1. Commit the criterion Write the accept, reject or review rule in common-frequency terms, such as review when more than 12 of 100 fail. Why: A predeclared rule prevents wording from moving the goalposts. Success check: The criterion is timestamped before item exposure. Accessible alternative: Complete the same research action — “Write the accept, reject or review rule in common-frequency terms, such as review when more than 12 of 100 fail.” — using speech-to-text, text-to-speech, enlarged text, keyboard-only navigation, shorter work blocks or a support person. Preserve this declared check: “The criterion is timestamped before item exposure.” Do not convert the research task into capability practice. Alternative relationship: Target preserving when declared check is preserved Learner notes: ________________________________________________________________________________ Completed: [ ] ## 2. Audit pair equivalence Using the hidden fixture preparation card rather than the answer, verify that each pair has the same denominator, outcome definition and time period and differs only in positive versus negative wording. Why: A pair with extra facts or changed denominators cannot isolate a framing effect. Success check: The preparation check marks equivalent or excluded and gives a concrete reason for every exclusion. Accessible alternative: Complete the same research action — “Using the hidden fixture preparation card rather than the answer, verify that each pair has the same denominator, outcome definition and time period and differs only in positive versus negative wording.” — using speech-to-text, text-to-speech, enlarged text, keyboard-only navigation, shorter work blocks or a support person. Preserve this declared check: “The preparation check marks equivalent or excluded and gives a concrete reason for every exclusion.” Do not convert the research task into capability practice. Alternative relationship: Target preserving when declared check is preserved Learner notes: ________________________________________________________________________________ Completed: [ ] ## 3. Read one frame only Judge the first version and record confidence without seeking its pair. Why: Independent commitment captures the frame’s effect. Success check: One decision and confidence are saved. Accessible alternative: Complete the same research action — “Judge the first version and record confidence without seeking its pair.” — using speech-to-text, text-to-speech, enlarged text, keyboard-only navigation, shorter work blocks or a support person. Preserve this declared check: “One decision and confidence are saved.” Do not convert the research task into capability practice. Alternative relationship: Target preserving when declared check is preserved Learner notes: ________________________________________________________________________________ Completed: [ ] ## 4. Convert to a common form Rewrite the statement as both passes and failures out of the same denominator. Why: Equivalent representations become easier to compare. Success check: The record contains both frequencies and they sum correctly. Accessible alternative: Complete the same research action — “Rewrite the statement as both passes and failures out of the same denominator.” — using speech-to-text, text-to-speech, enlarged text, keyboard-only navigation, shorter work blocks or a support person. Preserve this declared check: “The record contains both frequencies and they sum correctly.” Do not convert the research task into capability practice. Alternative relationship: Target preserving when declared check is preserved Learner notes: ________________________________________________________________________________ Completed: [ ] ## 5. Apply the criterion Use the prewritten threshold and record accept, reject or review plus the calculation. Why: The same decision rule should govern equivalent numbers. Success check: The decision follows the criterion transparently. Accessible alternative: Complete the same research action — “Use the prewritten threshold and record accept, reject or review plus the calculation.” — using speech-to-text, text-to-speech, enlarged text, keyboard-only navigation, shorter work blocks or a support person. Preserve this declared check: “The decision follows the criterion transparently.” Do not convert the research task into capability practice. Alternative relationship: Target preserving when declared check is preserved Learner notes: ________________________________________________________________________________ Completed: [ ] ## 6. Reveal the paired frame After a gap, judge the equivalent wording, convert it and compare decisions. Classify any reversal as justified or frame-only. Why: A paired check reveals sensitivity to wording without calling every update biased. Success check: Equivalent pairs have matching converted numbers and a reversal label. Accessible alternative: Complete the same research action — “After a gap, judge the equivalent wording, convert it and compare decisions. Classify any reversal as justified or frame-only.” — using speech-to-text, text-to-speech, enlarged text, keyboard-only navigation, shorter work blocks or a support person. Preserve this declared check: “Equivalent pairs have matching converted numbers and a reversal label.” Do not convert the research task into capability practice. Alternative relationship: Target preserving when declared check is preserved Learner notes: ________________________________________________________________________________ Completed: [ ] ## 7. Explain consistency without rationalising For a stable decision, point to the common frequency and criterion. For a reversal, write the exact new fact that would justify it; if none exists, keep the reversal marked frame-only. Why: A written evidence link prevents a post-hoc story from hiding wording sensitivity. Success check: Every paired decision has a one-sentence reason tied to either identical numbers or genuinely new information. Accessible alternative: Complete the same research action — “For a stable decision, point to the common frequency and criterion. For a reversal, write the exact new fact that would justify it; if none exists, keep the reversal marked frame-only.” — using speech-to-text, text-to-speech, enlarged text, keyboard-only navigation, shorter work blocks or a support person. Preserve this declared check: “Every paired decision has a one-sentence reason tied to either identical numbers or genuinely new information.” Do not convert the research task into capability practice. Alternative relationship: Target preserving when declared check is preserved Learner notes: ________________________________________________________________________________ Completed: [ ] ## 8. Check against a neutral frequency card After both framed decisions are locked, reveal an unframed card showing passes and failures together and apply the same criterion once more. Why: A neutral representation helps locate whether the positive frame, negative frame or calculation caused the discrepancy. Success check: All three decisions are compared, and any mismatch is assigned to wording, arithmetic or a genuinely different fact. Accessible alternative: Complete “After both framed decisions are locked, reveal an unframed card showing passes and failures together and apply the same criterion once more.” in shorter passes, or use keyboard input, dictation or a support person, while preserving this success check: “All three decisions are compared, and any mismatch is assigned to wording, arithmetic or a genuinely different fact.” Use non-colour symbols to distinguish pass and fail. Alternative relationship: Target preserving when declared check is preserved Learner notes: ________________________________________________________________________________ Completed: [ ] ## 9. Test delayed novel pairs After 48 hours, complete four new pairs with different denominators and one genuinely new-information control. Why: Novel items test the method; the control checks that resistance does not become refusal to update. Success check: The learner resists pure frames and changes for the relevant control fact. Accessible alternative: Complete “After 48 hours, complete four new pairs with different denominators and one genuinely new-information control.” in shorter passes, or use keyboard input, dictation or a support person, while preserving this success check: “The learner resists pure frames and changes for the relevant control fact.” Offer frequencies with icons, plain words and calculator support. Alternative relationship: Target preserving when declared check is preserved Learner notes: ________________________________________________________________________________ Completed: [ ] ## Reflection What changed? ________________________________________________________________________________ What remains difficult? ________________________________________________________________________________ What will I repeat, adapt, ask for help with, or stop? ________________________________________________________________________________ --- Completion of this worksheet demonstrates tutorial participation only. It does not establish capability, qualification, safety clearance, diagnosis, treatment or independent validation.