# PWR-045 — Voluntary pupil modulation: learner worksheet Release: Revision 7T · Full Tutorial Edition Estimated time: Estimated 24 min reading and worksheet pass Difficulty: Intermediate Equipment: Common household or practice equipment — The two bound primary papers and their supplementary methods when available.; A table with columns for participant selection, lighting, viewing distance, accommodation, camera, feedback, outcome and follow-up.; A calculator or spreadsheet for reported effect sizes and uncertainty.; A written non-practice rule: no light, drug, focusing or arousal manipulation. Space: Room-scale practice space Automated structural checklist: 10 of 10 structural checks present Evidence quality/context: G5; Focused research depth Automated method-quality band: Comprehensive Method-rating basis: Structure coverage, instruction/check specificity, alternative distinctness, source troubleshooting, comparison depth and whether purpose/check fields are authored rather than derived. Editorial review: Pending manual editorial sign off ## Before you begin - [ ] I read the tutorial authority and stop conditions. - [ ] I have the required equipment/space or a declared accessible alternative. ## Canonical source context Voluntary pupil modulation exists and short-term biofeedback training is promising, but practical value is unknown. Because direct control rests partly on an exceptional case and short-term laboratory feedback, the useful skill here is research appraisal. The learner reconstructs the measurement, checks light and focusing confounds, separates feedback effects from direct control and writes a replication gate without attempting pupil manipulation. Target outcome: The learner produces a two-study methods table and a justified conclusion separating direct voluntary control, feedback-assisted change, retention and practical value. ### Authority and setup conditions - State the question: existence in an exceptional person, learnability in a group, no-feedback retention and useful function are separate. - Use published data only; do not film another person’s eyes or collect identifiable biometric data. - Record the paper version, sample and exclusions before reading the conclusion. - Stop if the task drifts toward a home pupil-control experiment. ### Required or supplied materials - The two bound primary papers and their supplementary methods when available. - A table with columns for participant selection, lighting, viewing distance, accommodation, camera, feedback, outcome and follow-up. - A calculator or spreadsheet for reported effect sizes and uncertainty. - A written non-practice rule: no light, drug, focusing or arousal manipulation. ## 1. Write four separate claims Create rows for direct voluntary change, feedback-assisted change, delayed no-feedback retention and everyday benefit. Why: One positive finding cannot answer all four questions. Success check: Each row has its own outcome and evidence status. Accessible alternative: Complete the same research action — “Create rows for direct voluntary change, feedback-assisted change, delayed no-feedback retention and everyday benefit.” — using speech-to-text, text-to-speech, enlarged text, keyboard-only navigation, shorter work blocks or a support person. Preserve this declared check: “Each row has its own outcome and evidence status.” Do not convert the research task into capability practice. Alternative relationship: Target preserving when declared check is preserved Learner notes: ________________________________________________________________________________ Completed: [ ] ## 2. Map participant selection Record sample size, recruitment, prior ability, exclusions and whether one unusual participant supplied the result. Why: Exceptional preselected ability does not establish population trainability. Success check: The table makes selected cases and ordinary participants visible. Accessible alternative: Complete the same research action — “Record sample size, recruitment, prior ability, exclusions and whether one unusual participant supplied the result.” — using speech-to-text, text-to-speech, enlarged text, keyboard-only navigation, shorter work blocks or a support person. Preserve this declared check: “The table makes selected cases and ordinary participants visible.” Do not convert the research task into capability practice. Alternative relationship: Target preserving when declared check is preserved Learner notes: ________________________________________________________________________________ Completed: [ ] ## 3. Rebuild the viewing setup Extract luminance, screen content, viewing distance, fixation, eye correction and instructions about focusing near or far. Why: Light level and accommodation—the eye’s focusing response—change pupil size without direct iris control. Success check: Every study has a complete setup row or an explicit missing-data mark. Accessible alternative: Complete the same research action — “Extract luminance, screen content, viewing distance, fixation, eye correction and instructions about focusing near or far.” — using speech-to-text, text-to-speech, enlarged text, keyboard-only navigation, shorter work blocks or a support person. Preserve this declared check: “Every study has a complete setup row or an explicit missing-data mark.” Do not convert the research task into capability practice. Alternative relationship: Target preserving when declared check is preserved Learner notes: ________________________________________________________________________________ Completed: [ ] ## 4. Inspect the measurement chain Record the camera or pupillometer, sampling rate, calibration, blink rejection, head stabilisation and whether auto-exposure was disabled. Why: Camera behaviour, blinks and distance changes can imitate diameter change. Success check: The outcome is tied to calibrated pupil units and an artefact rule. Accessible alternative: Complete the same research action — “Record the camera or pupillometer, sampling rate, calibration, blink rejection, head stabilisation and whether auto-exposure was disabled.” — using speech-to-text, text-to-speech, enlarged text, keyboard-only navigation, shorter work blocks or a support person. Preserve this declared check: “The outcome is tied to calibrated pupil units and an artefact rule.” Do not convert the research task into capability practice. Alternative relationship: Target preserving when declared check is preserved Learner notes: ________________________________________________________________________________ Completed: [ ] ## 5. Separate feedback from no feedback Mark when participants saw the pupil signal, what strategy they used and whether a hidden-display or sham condition existed. Why: Learning to influence a feedback display is not automatically direct control without the display. Success check: Feedback, control and retention trials are not pooled. Accessible alternative: Complete the same research action — “Mark when participants saw the pupil signal, what strategy they used and whether a hidden-display or sham condition existed.” — using speech-to-text, text-to-speech, enlarged text, keyboard-only navigation, shorter work blocks or a support person. Preserve this declared check: “Feedback, control and retention trials are not pooled.” Do not convert the research task into capability practice. Alternative relationship: Target preserving when declared check is preserved Learner notes: ________________________________________________________________________________ Completed: [ ] ## 6. Compare direction and repeatability Check whether constriction and dilation were both demonstrated, how many trials succeeded and whether uncertainty overlaps chance or drift. Why: Bidirectional, repeatable change is a stronger test than one favourable trace. Success check: The conclusion reports direction, repetitions and uncertainty. Accessible alternative: Complete the same research action — “Check whether constriction and dilation were both demonstrated, how many trials succeeded and whether uncertainty overlaps chance or drift.” — using speech-to-text, text-to-speech, enlarged text, keyboard-only navigation, shorter work blocks or a support person. Preserve this declared check: “The conclusion reports direction, repetitions and uncertainty.” Do not convert the research task into capability practice. Alternative relationship: Target preserving when declared check is preserved Learner notes: ________________________________________________________________________________ Completed: [ ] ## 7. Write the next replication gate Require independent recruitment, isoluminant stimuli, accommodation control, calibrated recording, sham or hidden feedback, delayed retention and a declared functional outcome. Why: A concrete gate shows what evidence is missing without inventing a protocol for home use. Success check: The final paragraph states what would change the conclusion and what remains prohibited. Accessible alternative: Complete the same research action — “Require independent recruitment, isoluminant stimuli, accommodation control, calibrated recording, sham or hidden feedback, delayed retention and a declared functional outcome.” — using speech-to-text, text-to-speech, enlarged text, keyboard-only navigation, shorter work blocks or a support person. Preserve this declared check: “The final paragraph states what would change the conclusion and what remains prohibited.” Do not convert the research task into capability practice. Alternative relationship: Target preserving when declared check is preserved Learner notes: ________________________________________________________________________________ Completed: [ ] ## Reflection What changed? ________________________________________________________________________________ What remains difficult? ________________________________________________________________________________ What will I repeat, adapt, ask for help with, or stop? ________________________________________________________________________________ --- Completion of this worksheet demonstrates tutorial participation only. It does not establish capability, qualification, safety clearance, diagnosis, treatment or independent validation.